A pinguecula and a pterygium are two very similar ocular findings.

Trichiasis and distichiasis are two conditions that result in eyelashes being directed into the eye and causing discomfort.

Pigment dispersion syndrome is a typically bilateral (both eyes) condition where the iris rubs against the zonules and pigment clogs the eye

Scleral hyaline plaque and senile scleromalacia refer to the thinning of the sclera around the where the eye muscles attach to the eye.

Episcleritis is a common condition, usually without a known cause, often occurring in both eyes, involving inflammation of the episclera.

Giant papillary conjunctivitis (GPC) occurs due to mechanical rubbing of foreign bodies on the inside of the upper lids.

Horner syndrome is a condition that is usually unilateral whereby the sympathetic nervous system pathway is disrupted.

Filamentary keratitis refers to a common, advanced state, of dry eye.

Subconjunctival hemorrhages occur when one of these small, delicate, blood vessels in the episclera or conjunctiva rupture and leak blood.

Epiphora, or excessive tearing, and tears running down your cheeks, are signs of either over production of tears or defective drainage.

Eyelid entropion occurs when, in most cases, the lower eyelids turn inwards towards the eye.

Glaucoma is a set of progressive conditions whereby the ganglion cells that form the optic nerve start to die thereby causing blind spots.

Fuch’s dystrophy occurs when there are enough failing endothelial cells that fluid starts accumulating and the cornea swells.

Epithelial basement membrane dystrophy (EBMD) is a common condition, often misdiagnosed, usually seen unilaterally.

Xanthelasma is a condition characterized by yellow patches of skin on or around the eyelids.

Dry eyes can be broken down into 2 main causes; aqueous deficient and evaporative.

Corneal ectasia refers to the progressive thinning and subsequent bulging outwards of a specific part of the cornea.

Corneal dystrophies represent a collection of disorders that are categorized by the layer of the cornea they affect.

This syndrome is characterized by the loss of upper eyelid muscles to the point where they can spontaneously flip upwards.

Dacryocystitis occurs when the nasolacrimal duct or sac in the nose becomes infected or inflamed.